Time-Varying Audio Effect Modeling By End-to-End Adversarial Training

Yann Bourdin1,2, Pierrick Legrand2,3, Fanny Roche1

1Arturia, F-38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France
2Inria center at the University of Bordeaux, Astral Inria Team, F-33405 Talence, France
3IMS, UMR CNRS 5218, ENSC, Bordeaux INP, F-33405 Talence, France

Below are some highlighted models for which we present output spectrograms using a chirp-train signal, and musical examples that can be listened to. All our results are available through the links above.

Slow-LFOFast-LFO
2025-12-17T15:32:14.918140 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.10.7, https://matplotlib.org/
① Adversarial Training ② Fine-tuning ① Adversarial Training ② Fine-tuning
λ=0.01 ε=0.01 Figure 8c
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0.01 ε=0.01
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0 Figure 8j
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0 Figure 9l
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0.1 ε=0.01 Figure 8f
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0.1 ε=0.01 Figure 9j
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0 Figure 8h
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0 Figure 9i
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0.01 ε=0.1
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
λ=0.01 ε=0.1 Figure 9o
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
Reference (Target Effect's Output)
Slow-LFO Reference Spectrogram Fast-LFO Reference Spectrogram
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop
Chirp-train
Clean Electric Guitar
Electric Guitar
House Loop